Jinghpaw mungdaw masat nhtoi labau kadun

Rev. Marip La Rip
10 January 2010
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Jinghpaw ni gara aten kaw nna, dai ni na Jinghpaw mungdaw e du nga sai hpe labau ka sara ni langai hte langai mu tam sawk sagawn ai lam nbung ma ai rai tim, byin mai ai lam langai mi gaw AD 1700 hpang daw kaw nna gaw Jinghpaw ni Jinghpaw Mungdaw e atsawm sha shanu nga lai wa na sai ngu sawn la mai ai; hpa majaw nga yang AD 1700 a shawng daw de dai ni na Jinghpaw Mungdaw kaw e Sam hpu nau ni n gun ja taw ai majaw Jinghpaw ni garai ndu shang wa lu shi na re ngu sawn la ai majaw re. Jinghpaw mungdaw e Jinghpaw ni hpe shawng ningnan myi hte chyaw sa mu ai maigan masha gaw Eugenio Kincaid ngu ai American Baptist sasana sara wa re ngu mu lu ai. Rev. Eugenio Kincaid gaw 1837 hta Man Maw hte Mo Gaung lamu ga hkan du lung wa yu nna shi a lata hte ka ai laika hku nna maigan masha ni, Jinghpaw ni hpe Kachin masha ni ngu chye hpang wa ai hte mungkan labau hta Jinghpaw ni hpe Kachin ni ngu masat lai wa sai.

Jinghpaw ni gaw shanhte hkrai shanhte shada up hkang nna nga lai wa sai lam hpe labau laika ni hta mu lu nga ai. Kaga amyu ni a up hkang ai npu de du mat wa ai gaw English- Myanmar majan ni (1824, 1852, 1885) ngut ai hpang, 4 ning na ai hpang, 1891 hta, dai aten e Burma ngu ai lawu Myen mung ga Rangoon e rung jung ai English colony ni Jinghpaw Mungdaw hpe wa madu la kau nna Burma colony hta bang la kau ai aten kaw nna rai nga ai. Shaning 57 ning Jinghpaw mung hpe English ni up hkang ai ngu tsun mai tim, English ni direct up hkang ai lam nre ngu mung mai tsun ai; hpa majaw nga yang, “The Kachin Hill Tribes Regulations 1895”, “Jinghpaw amyu uphkang upadi 1895” ngu ai upadi hpe yu yu yang, Myitkyina Ginwang, Man maw Ginwang, Ayebeng, Bum Du, Shanhpraw Du ngu san tawn ai lam nga tim, kaja wa Jinghpaw ni hpe up hkang ai gaw Bum Du (shing nrai) „taung- ok‟ ngu ai Jinghpaw Duwa hpe lit jaw nna, Mung Du, Agyi, Salang ni hte Jinghpaw htung lailen hte maren sha she je yang daw dan ai lam ni nga lai wa sai hpe mu lu mai nga ai. Man Maw Ginwang e, Sinlum Bum Du hte Shwe Gu Bum Du dung ai shara tawn da lai wa sai lam chye lu ai. Myitkyina Ginwang e gaw, Mogaung, Kamaing, Sumprabum, Lauhkang, Sadon hte Putao ginwang kaji ni bai garan tawn lai wa masai. “The Kachin Customary Law” ngu ai Jinghpaw upadi hte Jinghpaw shada da byin ai amu ni yawng hpe tara jeyang ai gaw, prat hte prat nga lai wa sai. English asuya prat hta rai tim, moi Jinghpaw shada da uphkang ai aten na hte maren sha galaw lai wa sai lam chye lu ai.

English asuya lakhtak hta e, 1924 ning December shata 29 ya shani, Sara Kaba Lahpai Zau Tu woi awn ningbaw tai ya ai hte, Man Maw Ginwang Du Salang 30, Myitkyina Ginwang Du Salang 26, lekmat dip nna Jinghpaw amyu ni hpe mung masa lam hta up hkang lam ahkaw ahkang hpyi ai laika hpe Yangon kaw rung jung ai English governor Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler (02.01.1923 - 20.12.1927) hpang de tang shawn lai wa ga sai. Dai hpang Jinghpaw Du Salang ni Yangon de du hkra sa nhtawm governor wa hte 1925 ning January shata 5 ya shani rung shang hkrum nna ahkaw ahkang hpyi lai wa sai. Dai hpang, 1935 ning hta gaw Hpaji Du Maran Robin woi ningbaw let, Jinghpaw Du Salang 23 gaw, Yangon de sa nna, English governor Sir Hugh Landsdowne Stephenson (20.12.1932 - 08.05.1936) hpang de Jinghpaw ni hpe shanglawt jaw na lam hte English hpe ninghkap gasat ai lam mara dat ya na lam ni hpe hpyi shawn lai wa sai. Ndai lam ni hpe yu yang, Jinghpaw ni gaw mung masa lam hta su hprang nga ai lam hpe mu lu mai nga ai.

Jinghpaw Du Salang ni ndai zawn shanglawt ahkaw ahkang hpyi nga yang, 1939 ning September shata praw 1 ya shani kaw nna Nambat Lahkawng Mungkan Majan kaba byin hpang wa sai hte, Europe e Germany ni hte English ni majan gasat hpang sai. December 7, 1941 hta gaw Hawaii zunlawng, Pearl sang hpaw daru e, American hpyen sanghpaw kaba ni hte nbungli ni law law hpe fascist Japan nbungli ni akajawng sha bomb jahkrat gasat ya ai kaw nna, American ni mung mungkan majan hta shang lawm bang wa sai. Sinpraw mungdan hkan e mung Japan ni majan gasat dang bang wa sai hte Myanmar mungdan de mung December 11, 1941 hta shang bang wa sai hte March 7, 1942 hta gaw Myen Mung na English hpyen dap ni mung, India de htingnut mat wa sai. 1942 hta Jinghpaw mungdaw e “Kachin Rangers” ngu ai hpyen hpung hpe American 101 ni hpaw tawn sai. 1943 hta Jinghpaw mungdaw e English ni a special hpyen hpung hku nna “Kachin Levies” ngu ai hpe hpaw hpang sai. Bum ga de na sinat lang ram ai la ni yawng shang gasat lawm ai Japan majan re. 1945 ning March shata praw de gaw, Kachin Rangers ni Jinghpaw mungdaw, Miwa Yu Nan mungdaw, Sam mungdaw Kyeng Tung du hkra gasat awng dang kau da sai. Dai majaw 1945 March shata 24-26 ya ni hta, Man Maw ginwang Sinlum Bum Du rung dung ai kaw majan dang ai padang manau kaba galaw lai wa sai. English hpyen du kaba ni, American hpyen du kaba ni law law du sa shang lawm lai wa sai. Japan hpyen dap hta mying kaba dik ai hte ram dik ai hpyen hpung ni hpe gasat kau ya ai majaw, English hte American ni grai kabu let, mau pyi mau ma ai lam hpe myit hte chyaw mu ai kaji kawoi ni prat hte prat tsun dan hkai dan nga ma ai.

Mungkan majan ngut ai hpang, 1946 ning January shata hta Myitkyina mare kaw, majan dang ai awng padang manau kaba galaw sai. Dai padang manau poi de, English governor wa Col. Sir Reginald Hugh Dorman-Smith (06.05.1941-31.08.1946) hte hpyen du kaba ni, American hpyen du kaba ni sa du lawm ma ai. Jinghpaw Du Salang ni gaw majan hta Allied Forced maga lawm let, Japan ni hpe gasat ai amyu ni hpe, majan dang ai shani shanglawt jaw na, ngu ai Atlantic Charter myit hkrum ga shaka hte maren, Jinghpaw ni hpe shanglawt jaw ya na lam hpyi shawn ai laika, governor wa a lata de tang madun sai lam chye lu ai.

1946 ning August shata praw 15 ya shani gaw Myitkyina mare Manhkring laika sharin jawng wang e, English du Mr. Stevenson gaw Jinghpaw Du Salang ni hte Jinghpaw masha ni hpe kaga hpu nau ni hte shanglawt arau nla na hku tsun lai wa sai rai tim dai aten hta Jinghpaw ningbaw ni gaw English duwa a ga hpe nkam ai majaw nhkap la lai wa sai lam chye lu ai.

Dai aten hta English governor wa a mungbawng hpung hta makawp maga dap hkring mang wunji rai nga ai General Aung San gaw, 1946 ning November 28 ya shani, Myitkyina de du lung wa nna, Jinghpaw mung Du Salang ni law law hte hkrum shaga lai wa sai. Bogyoke Aung San gaw, Myen mung ting shanglawt lu na matu, Myen, Sam, Jinghpaw, Hkang, Kayin, Kaya, Mon, Rahkaing yawng myit mang hkrum let jawm hpyi yang she lawan lu na lam tsun ai hpe Jinghpaw Du Salang ni mung myit hkawn lai wa sai. 1946 November 29 ya shana de, 2nd Kachin Rifles Dap kata e Jinghpaw Du Salang 30 daram hte Bogyoke Aung San zuphpawng galaw ai hta Bogyoke Aung San tsun ai gaw majan kaba ngut ai hpang English ni gaw Myen ni hte Bum ga masha ni hpe ginhka nna galaw hkyen nga ai lam tsun nhtawm, ahtang asa rai nga na lam tsun shaleng dan ai nga ma ai. 1946 ning November 30 ya jahpawt 9am hta Bogyoke Aung San hte English hpyen du kaba ni hpe Jinghpaw ni gaw Manhkring mare e Jinghpaw htung hte maren manap shat hte hpap hkalum jaw nna, Jinghpaw nhpye hte n gang nhtu kuhpa jahpye ya nna, shagrau sha a hkalum ga tsun ma ai. Sarama Gawlu Lu, Sarama Nang Seng, Nhkum Bawk, Hkawn Raw, Ja Bawk, Nem Ra ni hte sumla gayat la ai hte Du Salang ni hte mung sumla dem hkra rai hku hkau lam galaw lai wa sai. Jinghpaw Du Salang ni gaw “Jinghpaw ni hpe English Myo kata de nnga shangun ai, shanglawt lu jang mai nga na i?” ngu san jang Bogyoke Aung San gaw “shara shagu mai nga ai” nga nna Myitkyina Myoma lawk e Jinghpaw ni hpe nta htingra jaw dat ai majaw Jinghpaw Du Salang ni grau kam mat wa masai nga ma ai.

Bogyoke Aung San hte myit hkrum da sai hte maren, Jinghpaw Du Salang ni gaw mungdan shanglawt rau la na lam hte shanglawt lu ai hpang na lam ni hpe bawng ban daw dan ai Panglong zuphpawng hta shang lawm bawngban myithkrum daw dan lai wa sai. Panglong myithkrum ga shaka laika hpe 1947 ning February shata praw 12 ya shani, Bogyoke Aung San hte du sa ai Du Salang ni yawng myithkrum shagrin da lu sai. Jinghpaw Du Salang ni bawng jahkrup da lai wa sai lam ni gaw, mungdaw shanglawt hpe kaga hpu nau ni hte arau la na lam hte Jinghpaw mungdaw kaw Myitkyina Ginwang hte Man Maw Ginwang ni lawm na hku bawng jahkrup da lai wa sai re.

Panglong Zuphpawng hta shanglawm lai wa sai Jinghpaw Du Salang ni marai 12 re.
Myitkyina Ginwang Kasa 8 hte Man Maw Ginwang Kasa 4 re.
I. Myitkyina Ginwang Kasa Marai 8
1. Sama Duwa Sinwa Nawng (Ningbaw)
2. Wabaw Zau Rip– Amu Madu, Myitkyina
3. Salang Dingra Tang– Putau
4. Duwa Htingnan Gum Ja– Sumpra Bum
5. Duwa Karing Naw– Sumpra Bum
6. Chyinghtawng Duwa Zau Naw– Sadon
7. Duwa Nding Tawng U– Hu Kawng
8. Sara Chang Zung– Lau Haung
II. Man Maw Ginwang Kasa Marai 4
1. Duwa Zau Lawn
2. Lawdan Duwa Zau La
3. Sara Maran La
4. Salang Labang Grawng

Panglong myithkrum ga shaka laika hta ta masat lekmat htu nna shagrin da lawm lai wa sai myitsu ni gaw lawu na hte maren re ai.
1. Bogyoke Aung San, Myen mung asuya a malai
2. Sao Hkun Pan Saing, Tawng Peng Sawbwa
3. Sao Shwe Thike, Nyaung Shwe Sawbwa
4. Sao Hone Hpa, Sinli Sawbwa
5. Sao Nun, Laika Sawbwa
6. Sao Sam Htun, Mung Pawn Sawbwa
7. Sao Htun Aye, Nam Hkam
8. Duwa Hkun Hpung, Sinli Dat Kasa
9. U Tin Aye, Taunggyi Dat Kasa
10. U Kya Bu, Si Paw Dat Kasa
11. Sao Yit Hpa, Sipaw Dat Kasa
12. U Hkun Hti, Panglong Dat Kasa
13. U Tun Myint, Mawlamyai Dat Kasa
14. U Hkun Saw, Pindaya Dat Kasa
15. U Hpyu, Sinli Sawbwa a malai
16. Sama Duwa Sinwa Nawng, Jinghpaw Kasa
17. Duwa Zau Rip, Jinghpaw Kasa
18. Duwa Dingra Tang , Jinghpaw Dat Kasa
19. Duwa Zau Lawn, Jinghpaw Kasa
20. Lawdan Duwa Zau La, Jinghpaw Dat Kasa
21. Labang Grawng, Jinghpaw Dat Kasa
22. U Hlur Hmung, Hkang Dat Kasa
23. U Thang Za Khup, Hkang Dat Kasa
24. U Kio Mang, Hkang Dat Kasa

Panglong Zuphpawng ngut ai hpang, Mungbawng Rapdaw Zuphpawng hpe 1947 ning June shata praw 10 ya shani kaw nna, Rangoon mare e hpawng hpang wa sai. Jinghpaw Du salang marai sanit mung shang lawm bawngban sai. Jinghpaw mung dat kasa ni gaw lawu de na hte maren rai nga ai.
1. Sama Duwa Sinwa Nawng, Myitkyina
2. Duwa Zau Rip, Myitkyina
3. Salang Kumreng Gam, Myitkyina
4. Salang Marip Awng Ba, Myitkyina
5. Duwa Zau Lawn, Man Maw
6. Salang Ugyi Hting Nan, Manmaw
7. Salang Labang Grang, Man maw

Mungdaw ni gumhpawn nna shanglawt garai nlu yang, 1947 ning July shata 19 ya jahpawt hkying 10:30am daram hta Bogyoke Aung San hte shi hkring mang wunji manang marai 6 hpe, Galon U Saw a masha ni sa gap sat kau sai.

Bogyoke Aung San nnga mat ai hpang, 1948 ning January shata praw 4 ya jahpawt hkying 4 aten hta gaw English asuya kaw nna Burma mungdaw ninghtan mungdan „Union of Burma‟
hpe awm dawm shanglawt jaw sai.

Jinghpaw Du Salang ni a shakut shaja ai lam ni a majaw, 1948 ning January shata praw 10 ya shani hta gaw “Jinghpaw Mungdaw‟ ngu ai anhte a Mungdaw hpe tara shang masat masa dai daw dat lu sai. Jinghpaw Mungdaw Asuya a shawng ningnan na ningbaw ni gaw:
1. Jinghpaw Mungdaw Ningbaw– Sama Duwa Sinwa Nawng
2. Jinghpaw Mung Kongsi Ningbaw– Duwa Zau Rip
3. Jinghpaw Mung Sutgan Dap Hkring Mang– Duwa Zau Lawn
4. Jinghpaw Mung Hpaji Dap Hkring Mang– U Ba U
5. Jinghpaw Mung Hkailu Hkaisha hte Namkawn Dap Hkring Mang– Thakhin Pyaut

1948 ning January shata praw 10 ya shani kaw nna dai ni du hkra ndai zawn rai Jinghpaw Mungdaw hpe makawp maga ai myu tsaw mung tsaw Jinghpaw Wunpawng amyu masha ni yawng hte wuhpung wuhpawng ni yawng hpe mung anhte yawng gaw chyeju dum mai nga ai law. Tinang a atsam dat, salu salat hte du daw sai hkaw hkam nna ladat amyu myu shaw let Jinghpaw Mungdaw hpe makawp maga lai wa sai kaji kawa ni, labau laika buk hkan e mying nlawm tim lam amyu myu hku makawp maga lai wa sai kanu kawa, hpu nau ni yawng hpe hkungga jaw let, dai ni anhte nang ngai kadai mung Jinghpaw Mungdaw hpe matut nna makawp maga nga ga law.

Acknowledgement
Duwa Mahka Kam Htoi,“Jinghpaw Mungdaw Ngu Masat Daidaw Shamying Lu La Wa Ai Lam,” January 10, 2009, Myanmar Institute of Theology Jinghpaw jawngma ni saw shaga ai hkaw tsun hpawng hta hkaw tsun ai lam hpe mahta nna ndai labau kadun hpe ka da ai re. Labau ngu ai gaw hkum tsup ai nnga ai majaw, ra rawng ai lam hta hkawp myitsu wa a jahkum shatsup hpaji jaw ya ai lam hpe kabu gara chyeju dum let hkap tau hkalum la na nngai. Matut nna, ndai ka ngau gaw Jinghpaw mungdaw ngu tara shang masat dai daw la lu ai labau kadun sha re majaw, 1948 ning January shata praw 10 ya du hkra na labau kadun sha rai nga ai. 1948 ning kaw nna dai ni du hkra Jinghpaw mungdaw hpe lam amyu myu hku makawp maga nga ai ningbaw ningla ni, wuhpung wuhpawng ni yawng hpe mung ndai ka ngau hte arau shagrau sha-a dat nngai law. Dai ni anhte yawng shang lawm nga ai shamu shamawt lam yawng gaw anhte ka nga ai labau ni nan rai nga ai law.--Source:www.scribd.com